Outside the Box

It Can Be Done!

April 3, 2012

Professor Andrew Odlyzko leads off this week's Outside the Box with a familiar litany:

"A superpower with crippling debt, exorbitant taxes, glaring inequality, wages far exceeding those of competitors, high and persistent unemployment, lack of basic workplace skills, malnutrition, a rapidly growing rival across the ocean to the West, heated debates about the role of government in the economy, and widespread pessimism about the future."

And then he asks the obvious question: "Could that be any country but the U.S. today, with China as the looming threat?" The answer of course is yes, but do you know which country, and when? Here's another hint: a technological revolution was largely responsible for pulling this country back from the brink and setting it on a sustainable course again.

Another hint for you: this is the only country in history that has pulled off such a feat. It did it in part by issuing 3% "perpetual" bonds (which never had to repay the principle, though they eventually did), an option no nation is likely to get away with today; but the author's point – and it's a very important one, given our present situation – is that it can in fact be done. If we can manage to make a few reasonably smart shortand medium-term fiscal and other policy decisions, and then provide the right set of conditions for the next great technology breakout – I'm thinking the incredibly fertile and dynamic interface involving biotech and nanotech, robotics and artificial intelligence, along with next-gen telecom and energy revolutions – then there's no reason why the 2020s can't go down in history as the opening era of a global golden age.

This is more economic history than macroeconomics, but I find it very instructive and oddly hopeful. Professor Andrew Odlyzko is a professor in the School of Mathematics at the University of Minnesota. He is engaged in a variety of projects, from mathematics to security and Internet traffic monitoring. His is currently writing a book that compares the Internet bubble to the British Railway Mania of the 1840s, and explores the implications for the future of technology diffusion. I look forward to reading that book.

On Tuesday morning, April 24 I will be speaking at a conference on demographics sponsored by the Global Interdependence Center. It will be held in Philadelphia at the LeBow College of Business of Drexel University and chaired by Bill Dunkelberg, who I am working with on a book on employment. (Bill is a professor at Temple University and the chief economist for the National Federation of Independent Business). The conference is quite reasonably priced and focuses on a topic I am quite fond of. You can find out more at http://www.interdependence.org/programs-and-events/event-registration/programs/the-30th-annual-monetary-trade-conference-demographics-politics-and-economic-growth/

I am back in Dallas for the evening but leave tomorrow morning on a 7:30 flight to NYC to speak at a Bloomberg Trade Book event, then back late Wednesday afternoon, in time to take my daughter Amanda to a Mavericks game. And I'll be home for almost two weeks! And then I resume a rather peripatetic bout of travel for almost two months, concluding with a few weeks in Tuscany.

Have a great week!

Your ever hopeful that we'll deal with the deficit analyst,

John Mauldin, Editor
Outside the Box

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Crushing national debts, economic revolutions, and extraordinary popular delusions

Introduction

A superpower with crippling debt, exorbitant taxes, glaring inequality, wages far exceeding those of competitors, high and persistent unemployment, lack of basic workplace skills, malnutrition, a rapidly growing rival across the ocean to the West, heated debates about the role of government in the economy, and…

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Comments

jon meibergen

April 4, 2012, 6:17 p.m.

‘It Can Be Done!”
Yes, but the question is can it be done the usual way.

Dear John,

Karl Popper once said: ‘Optimism is a moral duty’.
In that light I see your ‘Outside the Box’ of April 3, where you give us an excerpt of: ‘Crushing national debt, economic revolutions, and extraordinary popular delusions’  by Andrew Odlyzko.

I think that the underlying message you want to get across by presenting this article is: ‘Our economy is in a dire state, but we have seen worse, and solutions can sprout from our ingenuity and our incredible technical and organizational talents.’

I would like to comment on this assumption because I really think, the present economic situation is essentially different from the situation depicted in the article of professor Odlyzko. I hope your will forgive me, that it has become a rather lengthy comment to present my humble view.

Why do have white people so much cargo
I start with a quote by Jared Diamond from his book: ‘Guns, Germs, and Steel’:  ‘Why do have white people so much cargo, but we New Guineans have so little’. Diamond using the local term ‘cargo’ for inventions an manufactured goods. He realized the same question seemed to apply elsewhere: “People of Eurasian origin (North Americans included) dominate the world in wealth and power. Other people don’t.”
1997 Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-06131-0

The book attempts to explain why Eurasian civilizations have survived and conquered others. Diamond argues that the gaps in power and technology between human societies, originate in the influence of geography and the environmental differences on societies and cultures. He refutes the assumption that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral or inherent genetic superiority. With his work, Jared won the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction and the Aventis Prize for Best Science Book.

The core of his conclusion as I understand it is, that - on the onset of their development - Eurasian people had the good fortune to live in an area with a favorable climate, energy rich edible plants like wheat that could be used in agriculture, and large animals as horses and cows, that - after domestication - provided the muscle power to work the land. Circumstances to yield enough food for the population to grow, diversify
and specialize to build a civilization, flourish and eventually conquer the world. Thus, the engine of it all beingâ?¦ energy!

We all know about the side effects of this development to the environment, even in antique times when the number of humans grew and cultures developed: deforestation of western Europe, extinction of animals, overcrowding and polluted cities, even then! Butâ?¦ these effects were regional. One could still escape by just moving elsewhere.

Energy, cheap energy at the core
During the industrial revolution Andrew Odlyzko writes about in this Out of the Box, the combination of the invention of the steam engine made it possible to develop a railway network that led to Brittania to overcome the economic depression it was in and prosper as never before.
Also in this example it is very tempting to see the Victorian boom as a product of ingenuity we like so much to put our hopes on, but - with Jared Diamnond - I dare to say, that it is more a combination of opportunity and the result of a chain of developments, each made possible by certain preconditions only able to pan out with one essential ingredient: cheap and abundant energy, in this case: coal!

Do I emphasize to much on energy? May be, but see our modern society and have the audacity to think fossil energy away from it. What will be left is so shockingly meagre, that we hardly dare to envision it. Literally everything is energy, our food, our cars, our clothing, our medicine and of course our transportation and heating, everything!
Our ingenuity as the ultimate toolmaker, combined with fossil energy, took away the old natural constraints that could have kept the population and the condition of our planet within sustainable borders. It made the world population grow to a staggering 7 billion to day and still counting. Clearly not without consequences to the condition of our planet, its climate and the future of our civilization. (World population animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQyaYc )

The impact of our savanna brain is global now
I remember my first encounter with the discovery, that the use of aerosols led to severe ozone depletion in the atmosphere above the poles. Threatening the health of all lifeforms under that hole in the air. Luckily we had the vision and the power to ban the toxic ingredients in aerosols, but my awe came from the realization, that for the first time it became clear that we were able to affect our environment so dangerously on a global scale. At that time that was new but it was certainly not the last example: we are almost used to warnings of global warming, acidification of oceans, dwindling bio diversity, depletion of fish stocks and all on a global scale. Most frightening of it all: almost all of our policy makers are still in denial or chose to be so and are certainly not up to change the trend!  http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/james_hansen_why_i_must_speak_out_about_climate_change.html

It seems to be a condition of our savanna brains, that we are virtually unable to conceive the possibility that behind that proverbial hill, the grass is not necessarily greener anymore. It might be vanished beyond repair all together before we realize what has really happened.

We humans simply cannot believe there is no solution within the context we are used to function for thousand of years. Somewhere there must be another buffalo to feed us the coming week. Extinction happens but not in our back yard! We still have the mind of hunters/gatherers, that start migrating until we find new pastures and rich hunting grounds. We expect them to be somewhere, even when they are really not to find. They simply must be there! Have they not been there for hundred thousands of years, evolving our brains around that notion? If we only are daring, ingenious and endeaverous enough we will reach rich hunting grounds again, just as we always did before. And with the tools we have at our disposition now, it simply cannot go wrong! (See: optimism bias http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2074067,00.html ) But could it be possible that just because of that uncontrolled ingenuity we have altered the global playing ground so fundamentally, that it just might not work that way anymore?

Energy again, but not cheap anymore
Back to our financial and economic situation of today. The reason why I do not believe, that it will pass away as it did numerous times before, the reason why I do not believe that also this time it is just the bottom of a cycle again as we have seen a hundred times before, is because all signs point in one direction only: a lack of cheap energy, and an economical system, who’s stability is based on continuous growth. To quote dr. Albert Bartlett: ‘growth is not sustainable’, not to mention another wisdom of him: ‘People just do not understand exponential growth’. Bartlett http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GySmzLw3zs (The most awesome video you have ever seen.)
Admitted: there are attempts to make us believe, that in the US there is still a source of cheap energy waiting to be exploited, but there are credible people that believe, it is a scam. (See: Out of the Box, march 19, 2012, ‘Weeks When Decades Happen, especially trend 3: cheap US energy, and the article in the new York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/us/26gas.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&sq=marcellus&st=cse&scp=12

And why I also do not believe that our ultimate ingenuity will come to the rescue this time? Well, let us extrapolate our ingenuity to the extreme and assume, we are able to create nuclear fusion as a limitless energy source. The odds of reaching this goal are better than most of us know, but we have so heavily invested in fossil based energy, that our policymakers are not able to break away from this paradigm. And even when we could, it would make things probably worse, if we are not able to show the self control to constrain ourselves to be good caretakers of natural resources that could only be sustainable when harvested wisely and we figure out how to show self control on taking care of ecosystems on a global scale.

(In depth information about ventures into an completely different energy paradigm:
Should Google Go Nuclear? Clean, cheap, nuclear power…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhL5VO2NStU
2007 Google Tech Talk: Focus Fusion - The Fastest Route to Cheap, Clean Energy?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4w_dzSvVaM&feature=related

Thou shalt not take away my cheap energy, the pharaoh said
It is almost Easter, a time of hope and renewal.
The Israelites fled Egypt and by that, became a people. But at close observation, the reaction of the pharaoh to the departure of the Israelites is a reaction from someone losing his source of energy. The Israelites were slaves in Egypt and slaves were the cheap energy of antiquity. No wonder pharaoh attempted nine times not to lose this valuable resource.
It took divine intervention and ten plagues to set the Israelites free. All ten of the plagues are aberrations in the natural environment: contamination of the Nile waters with blood, frogs, lice, flies and wild animals, pestilence, boils, hail,  locusts, darkness and the dead of the first born. Sounds frightening familiar. To replace his loss of cheap energy pharaoh probably just conquered another people and enslaved them. In his time, pastures were still greener behind that other hill. We are past that an will need more wisdom, audacity and the will to change our behavior and fight the urges of our savanna brains. (this indeed takes strong optimism.)

‘Optimism is a moral duty’ Karl Popper said, but I dare say, this time we need not only to be optimistic, but we also have to adjust the morals and change our behaviour fundamentally, to survive this predicament. A daunting task I would not know how to realize, but acknowledging the problem is the start of the solution. I really hope, our leaders do not need ten plagues to realize what predicament we are in before starting working on a real solution.

Happy Easter and a kosher Pesach.

Jon Meibergen.

Mike McBride

April 3, 2012, 8:24 p.m.

Every time I read something about how messed up the USA and many other sovereign countries are when it comes to debt levels and deficits, and I then read about the “lessons of history”, I always have the same question: In all these prior cases of economic collapse; the UK, Argentina, the Sovet Union….heck, maybe even the Roman Empire for all I know, was there as much discussion ahead of time about how bad many people tought the situation was, like there is today or did it just explode one day without anyone having any idea what happened?? There has been so much talk for so long about the fiscal mess existing in the USA and in Europe (and who knows what is really happening in Japan as that country seems to be a total mystery to all the so-called experts). It is beginning to sound a little silly. If we were indeed in such a mess, how could so many ‘intelligent’ people running our country not do something about it?? Exactly when did the officials in the UK figure out they were heading for a collapse, and did they try and reverse course?? Did they ever realize that a debt/GDP at 250% was a bad thing?? Hindsight is always perfect, but it is foresight that is more important. I consider myself fairly astute in finance and read too much, but the debate really confuses me. How many analysts have been predicting the demise of the EU in the last few years, and an end to Japan as we know it…?? Yet, they have all been wrong. If I followed the message in these newsletters and invested accordingly - aka shorting the EU and Japan, I would be broke, because those markets just keep going UP, despite debt and deficit levels, and even despite technical insolvency.

jack goldman

April 3, 2012, 7:31 p.m.

The English have give the world so much, Revolutionary War, War of 1812, World War One, World War Two, all for the Bank of England. Income taxes were invented by the British. Central Bank is an English idea to enslave the US citizen. Standing armies are less of a threat to the United States then a central bank. Central banks are more dangerous then any terrorists. The Afghan war was begun one hundred and fifty years ago by the English. The English created the Iraq problem with Kuwait and the creation of Israel, all English problems.

America has replaced the railroad boom with the information computer boom. At least railroads bring us food and things we can really use. Banks have eradicated gold and silver money from the public and replaced it with private bank debt notes issued as debt to the private, secret, US Federal Reserve, at interest. The only solution is replace all US Federal Reserve debt notes with US Treasury debt notes that do not pay interest. Get rid of the US Fed or the US Fed will destroy America and our freedoms.

Guy Ausmus

April 3, 2012, 8:40 a.m.

Great article John.  The conditions of the railroad mania are reminiscent of today’s shale gas boom.  Wells drilled to the extent that gas prices are driven below full cycle finding costs, natural gas and electricity users (ie, all of us) are the beneficiaries of cheap energy.  All occurring in the sphere of private enterprise.